不同光周期下红螯螯虾幼虾摄食节律的研究

在不同光周期下对红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)幼虾的摄食节律进行了研究。结果显示:红螯螯虾具有明显的日摄食节律,24 L(持续光照)、12 L∶12 D(12 h光照:12 h黑暗)和24 D(持续黑暗)光周期下,其摄食率、摄食量和摄食发生率均在19∶00-21∶00和5∶00-7∶00出现峰值,分别为:13.01%和15.58%、20.82%和14.75%、12.77%和16.89%,属晨昏型摄食。光周期和不同时段对红鳌幼虾摄食无显著的交互作用(P>0.05)。     

广西珍贵乡土速生树种任豆苗木生长节律研究

利用Logistic方程对任豆1年生播种苗的苗高、地径年生长节律进行拟合,并根据因素数列几何形状发展态势的接近程度,将苗木的生长量与影响苗木生长的气象因子空气温度、空气相对湿度、降水量和日照时数组成一个灰色系统,进行面积关联度分析。结果表明：Logistic方程拟合效果显著,年生长量表现出明显的“慢-快-慢-快-慢”的节律,采用有序样本聚类分析方法将苗木的生长过程划分为出苗期、生长前期、速生期和生长后期4个时期。关联度分析表明,空气温度对苗木的高生长影响最大,相对湿度影响最小;而日照时数对苗木的粗生长影响最大,相对湿度影响最小。     

不同季节与气象因素对橘小实蝇日飞翔活动节律的影响

笔者于2008年夏、秋、冬3个季节,每个季节在福州乌山果园对橘小实蝇进行10d的全天观测,然后各季节分别选择3d晴朗或多云的气候条件下所得数据,结合气象资料,分析比较该虫的日飞翔活动变化情况.结果表明,橘小实蝇在不同季节的飞翔活动节律不同,在晴到多云天气里,该虫夏季的活动高峰期为上午7:00,秋季为上午9:00,冬季则为下午15:00.橘小实蝇成虫仅在白天有光照情况下进行飞翔活动,气温、相对湿度对该虫活动有显著的影响.气温在20～30℃时,橘小实蝇飞翔活动最活跃,相对湿度大于60％时其飞翔活动最活跃.降水带来的气温与相对湿度的变化对橘小实蝇飞翔活动有显著的影响.     

章古台沙地3种针叶树生长规律对比研究

[目的]研究章古台沙地3种针叶树生长规律。[方法]通过对章古台沙地樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)、油松(Prnus tabulaeformis)、赤松(Prnus densiflora)3种针叶树的解析木进行分析,比较3种针叶树的生长特点。[结果]8~16 a 3种针叶树的胸径和树高生长较快,16 a以后生长逐渐变缓。24 a以后赤松的树高生长比樟子松、油松快,32 a以后胸径生长比樟子松、油松快。樟子松和油松8~24 a时材积连年生长量增长较快,赤松在33~40 a时材积生长明显加快,最高可达0.014 2m3/a。[结论]该研究可为掌握针叶树种在沙地上的生长规律提供科学依据。     

棉铃虫复眼中Clock生物钟基因的昼夜表达模式

【目的】克隆并分析棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)复眼Clock(Clk)生物钟基因的c DNA序列,探讨棉铃虫复眼中Clk生物钟基因的昼夜表达模式及其表达水平的影响因子,以确认其在复眼中是否起着调节生物节律的功能,为理解复眼中生物钟基因网络提供理论参考。【方法】以2日龄棉铃虫复眼为试验材料,采用RT-PCR和RACE末端扩增技术克隆棉铃虫Clk生物钟基因。利用生物信息学软件对得到的棉铃虫CLK氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析。采用实时荧光定量PCR(q RT-PCR)技术,检测棉铃虫成虫不同器官(头、胸、腹、足、翅、脑、触角、复眼)中Clk生物钟基因的表达水平;通过设置不同的光周期环境,检测复眼中Clk生物钟基因的昼夜表达模式;通过在暗期设置6 h不同波段光(UV、蓝光和绿光)照射,检测复眼中Clk生物钟基因的表达水平;通过设置棉铃虫雌雄蛾交配处理,检测交配结束0 h和3 h复眼中Clk生物钟基因的表达水平;通过饥饿处理棉铃虫雌雄蛾,检测复眼中Clk生物钟基因的表达水平。【结果】克隆得到棉铃虫Clk生物钟基因的c DNA序列,命名为He CLK(Gen Bank登录号为KM233158),开放读码框1 860 bp,编码619个氨基酸组成的多肽,理论推测分子量(Mw)为69.32 k D,等电点(p I)为5.71。推导得到的氨基酸序列具有3个跨膜拓扑结构,包含多个昆虫CLK蛋白的保守区域(PAS和HLH),其与甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)和黑脉金斑蝶(Danaus plexippus)的同源性较高,分别为97%和74%。与点蜂缘蝽(Riptortus pedestris)和马铃薯甲虫(Leptinotarsa decemlineata)的同源性较低,分别为53%和52%。q RT-PCR结果表明在检测的成虫器官中,He CLK在复眼中表达水平最低,触角中表达水平最高。在14L﹕10D光周期下,复眼中He CLK的表达量在白天增高,夜晚下降。生物钟基因的昼夜表达模式在1 d黑暗下可以持续,而在持续黑暗下固有表达节律消失。复眼中He CLK的表达水平在6 h光照后上调,但不同波段光照射无显著性差异。复眼中He CLK的表达水平在交配后有下调趋势,在雄蛾交配后表达水平显著性下降。复眼中He CLK的表达水平在饥饿处理后无显著性变化。【结论】成功从夜蛾棉铃虫的复眼中克隆得到Clk生物钟基因,由Clk生物钟基因推导得到的氨基酸序列具有典型的CLK蛋白特征,且与昆虫CLK蛋白同源性较高。在检测的棉铃虫成虫器官中,He CLK在复眼中的表达水平最低。He CLK在外周组织复眼中的表达水平受蛾类自身节律、光照和蛾类生理状态的影响,证实棉铃虫复眼中He CLK在调节生物节律方面具有重要作用,但生物钟基因网络在复眼与中枢神经中是否类似有待进一步深入研究。     

Involvement of circadian clock in crowing of red jungle fowls (Gallus gallus)

The rhythmic locomotor behavior of flies and mice provides a phenotype for the identification of clock genes, and the underlying molecular mechanism is well studied. However, interestingly, when examining locomotor rhythm in the wild, several key laboratory‐based assumptions on circadian behavior are not supported in natural conditions. The rooster crowing ‘cock‐a‐doodle‐doo’ is a symbol of the break of dawn in many countries. Previously, we used domestic inbred roosters and showed that the timing of roosters' crowing is regulated by the circadian clock under laboratory conditions. However, it is still unknown whether the regulation of crowing by circadian clock is observed under natural conditions. Therefore, here we used red jungle fowls and first confirmed that similar crowing rhythms with domesticated chickens are observed in red jungle fowls under the laboratory conditions. Red jungle fowls show predawn crowing before light onset under 12:12 light : dim light conditions and the free‐running rhythm of crowing under total dim light conditions. We next examined the crowing rhythms under semi‐wild conditions. Although the crowing of red jungle fowls changed seasonally under semi‐wild conditions, predawn crowing was observed before sunrise in all seasons. This evidence suggests that seasonally changed crowing of red jungle fowls is under the control of a circadian clock.     

亚洲型舞毒蛾的羽化和生殖行为节律

为了探究亚洲型舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar asiatica)的羽化和生殖昼夜节律,在自然光周期和温湿度条件下对亚洲型舞毒蛾成虫的羽化、求偶、交配及产卵行为进行了观察,并利用触角电位反应测定了处女雌蛾性信息素的合成量与日龄之间的关系。结果表明:亚洲型舞毒蛾雌蛾在化蛹后11 d,雄蛾在化蛹后12 d分别出现羽化高峰;雌雄蛾的羽化行为均发生在光期前2 h(02:00)至暗期3 h(21:00),雄蛾羽化高峰期为光期6 h(09:00),较雌蛾(11:00)提前2 h。雌蛾羽化约2 h后开始求偶,1日龄雌蛾的求偶率随时间的推移逐渐上升,而其他日龄的雌蛾仅在光周期开始后的1 h内求偶率降至当日最低(75%),其余时间达到或接近100%;2日龄雌蛾体内的性信息素合成量最高,以后逐日下降。成虫羽化当日即可交尾,室内交尾高峰期发生在光期11 h(14:00)左右,次高峰出现在暗期6 h(00:00)。产卵高峰期发生在光期3 h(06:00)左右,次高峰出现在暗期2 h(20:00)。综上可见,亚洲型舞毒蛾成虫的羽化和生殖行为存在明显的昼夜节律。     

3个不同地理种源的伯乐树种子和苗期生长差异比较

对来自贵州、湖北3个地理种源的伯乐树（Bretschneidera sinensis）在贵州都匀进行了苗期试验。结果表明,伯乐树从子叶出土到当年幼苗停止生长可分为＂出苗期＂、＂生长初期＂、＂速生期＂和＂生长后期＂4个阶段,径生长比高生长提早约10 d进入速生期而晚10 d停止生长;3个地理种源种子性状差异主要体现在千粒重和种子大小上,贵州2个种源明显大于湖北五峰种源;贵州2个种源苗高和地径各阶段生长期基本一致,湖北五峰种源比贵州2个种源高生长晚进入速生期,且提早停止生长;种源间与种源内均存在较大的变异;种源间苗高差异达到显著或极显著水平,地径差异不显著,苗期表现较好的是贵州三都种源。     

The Effect of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors of Left Atrial Pressure in Dogs with Mitral Valve Regurgitation

Background: Despite many epidemiological reports concerning the efficacy of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in dogs with mitral regurgitation (MR), the hemodynamic effects of ACE inhibitor administration have not been fully evaluated. Objectives: To document left atrial pressure (LAP) in dogs with MR administered ACE inhibitors, in order to obtain interesting information about daily LAP changes with administration of ACE inhibitors. Animals: Five healthy Beagle dogs weighing 9.8 to 14.2 kg (2 males and 3 females; aged 2 years). Methods: Experimental, crossover, and interventional study. Chordae tendineae rupture was induced, and a radiotelemetry transmitter catheter was inserted into the left atrium. LAP was recorded for 72 consecutive hours during which each of 3 ACE inhibitors—enalapril (0.5 mg/kg/d), temocapril (0.1 mg/kg/d), and alacepril (3.0 mg/kg/d)—were administered in a crossover study. Results: Averaged diurnal LAP was significantly, but slightly reduced by alacepril (P= .03, 19.03 ± 3.01–18.24 ± 3.07 mmHg). The nightly drops in LAP caused by alacepril and enalapril were significantly higher than the daily drops (P= .03, ?0.98 ± 0.19 to ?0.07 ± 0.25 mmHg, and P= .03, ?0.54 ± 0.21–0.02 ± 0.17 mmHg, respectively), despite the fact that the oral administrations were given in the morning. Systolic blood pressure (122.7 ± 14.4–117.4 ± 13.1 mmHg, P= .04) and systemic vascular resistance (5800 ± 2685–5144 ± 2077 dyne × s/cm⁵, P= .03) were decreased by ACE inhibitors. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: ACE inhibitors decrease LAP minimally, despite reductions in left ventricular afterload. ACE inhibitors should not be used to decrease LAP.     

绵羊MTNR1a基因mRNA表达量的季节性差异

本试验分别于春分、夏至、秋分和冬至4个节气,随机选择体况良好体重相近的蒙古羊8只,外科手术取下丘脑、垂体组织样品,采用RT-PCR方法对其褪黑素受体MTNR1a基因表达进行半定量分析.结果表明:绵羊MTNR1a基因表达存在明显的季节性节律,下丘脑MTNR1a基因表达量在夏至时最低,秋分时最高,春冬季节相近;垂体MTNR1a基因表达量在秋分时最低,夏至时最高,春冬季节也相近.